What you need to know
The controversy over hearings investigating fake news in Singapore have attracted international condemnation.
The below is an open letter from Dr. Lee Jones, Reader in International Politics at the School of Politics and International Relations at Queen Mary College, University of London, to Charles Chong MP, Chairman of the Select Committee on Online Falsehoods.
The letter follows the sitting of the Select Committee on Online Falsehoods established by the Singapore government to investigate the issue of "fake news", its causes, consequences and potential countermeasures. The hearing caused controversy in the city state after the historian PJ Thum and activist Kirsten Han were called to give evidence at the committee, only to have their personal work histories called into question.
Following Lee's letter is a further missive signed by almost 300 academics calling into question Thum's treatment and the committee's process. For Chong's part, he has has suggested the open letter represents "a coordinated attempt, with foreign actors involved, to try to influence and subvert [Singapore's] parliamentary processes."
Dr Lee Jone's letter
Dear Mr Charles Chong MP,
I have the honor to convey to you an open letter signed by nearly 300 academic experts relating to the conduct of your parliamentary committee. The text of that letter, and the list of signatories, are below.
Although the letter was framed for academic signatories only, around 100 other concerned citizens nonetheless added their names; though I have excluded them from the list, please note that this issue has clearly caused public alarm in Singapore and beyond.
I am aware that you have already replied to our letter before we actually sent it to you. Curiously, your response reached most of our signatories through a coordinated online campaign involving what we understand to be Russian bots, which somehow identified the signatories’ email addresses and sent them messages using fake accounts based in Switzerland.
Perhaps your committee should consider investigating this strange event. We are working with computer experts to trace the origins of this bot campaign and will be happy to share the results with you, and the wider public.
In any case, unfortunately our signatories were not convinced by your pre-emptive response, which seemed to miss the point of, or seek to reframe, our letter – so please allow me to restate our fundamental points.
Your committee’s hearings were established to consider the threat from “fake news”. The committee’s interrogation of Dr Thum really had nothing to do with this, and only engaged peripherally with his written submission.
We remain convinced that Dr Thum was instead put on “show trial”, in an effort to intimidate, attack, and discredit a prominent critic of the historical narratives used by Singapore’s ruling People’s Action Party.
The focus of the questioning was not about “fake news” but rather Dr Thum’s research on Operation Coldstore, and the clear objective was to disparage Dr Thum’s research and his scholarly credentials. We reject the notion that this is a legitimate use of a parliamentary inquiry.
The only possible outcome of using an inquiry in this way is to further constrain free inquiry in Singapore in defense of a preferred historical narrative. We also reiterate our statement, issued in our capacity as academic experts, that the minister involved lacks any of the qualifications necessary to judge the quality of Dr Thum’s research, and that Dr Thum’s academic standing is beyond reproach. The way he has been smeared at the parliamentary inquiry and afterwards in the state-linked media is deplorable.
Yours sincerely,
Dr Lee Jones
Queen Mary University of London
The open letter from the academic community
Dear Mr Charles Chong MP,
The undersigned are members of the global academic community concerned with the study of History and/or Singapore, or with academic freedom in Singapore more generally. We are writing to express our deep concern at your committee’s treatment of one of our colleagues, Dr. Pingtjin Thum, and the wider implications for freedom of expression and academic freedom in Singapore.
Your committee recently held public hearings into the dissemination of “deliberate online falsehoods”, also known as so-called “fake news”. In principle, we welcome this approach, an unusual one in Singapore.
While concern about the dissemination of deliberate falsehoods online is reasonable, cries of “fake news!” are also being used across the world to silence dissenting voices and restrict media freedom. It is therefore vital to take a measured and reasonable approach, and public consultations with experts and civil society groups can be one valuable way to ensure this.
However, your committee’s conduct suggests that the government of Singapore is more interested in restricting civil liberties than defending them against so-called “fake news”. Key civil society actors have been given only a few minutes to speak, after being kept waiting for hours.
Dr. Pingtjin Thum, meanwhile, was subjected to a six-hour cross-examination by a government minister. We are particularly alarmed by this. Despite declaring that your committee was not an inquiry into Operation Coldstore, the minister proceeded to interrogate Dr. Thum, treating him and his widely respected scholarship with disdain.
The clear objective was not to establish the extent of the threat from “fake news”, but to attack and discredit a prominent critic of the historical narratives used by Singapore’s ruling People’s Action Party. This is likely to have a chilling effect on freedom of expression and academic freedom in Singapore.
Genuine concern about online falsehoods, rather than mere political expediency, also implies concern for the truth. The truth is not established by government diktat, nor can it be put on trial in a parliamentary committee. Scholars seek truth through rigorous research and subjecting their findings to critical peer review by fellow experts. Dr. Thum’s work has emerged from this process, following training at two of the world’s best universities, Oxford and Harvard. The minister who interrogated Dr. Thum has not undergone any such training; he is not even qualified to undertake a peer review of Dr. Thum’s research.
If the government of Singapore is genuinely interested in discovering the truth about Operation Coldstore, there is a simple solution: open the state archives and allow historians free access to interrogate the documentary evidence.
In the meantime, we hope you will offer Dr. Thum a full apology for his unacceptable treatment by your committee, and exercise your responsibilities as chairman to ensure in future that the committee sticks to its remit and its not used to intimidate your fellow citizens.
Signed:
1. Dr Lee Jones, Reader in International Politics, Queen Mary University of London
2. Dr Michael Buehler, Senior Lecturer in Comparative Politics, SOAS, University of London
3. Dr Syed Husin Ali, Chairman, People's History Centre, Malaysia
4. Dr Stephan Ortmann, Assistant Professor of Comparative Politics, City University of Hong Kong
5. Prof Bridget Welsh, Associate Professor of Political Science, John Cabot University
6. Prof Garry Rodan, Director, Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University
7. Prof Edward Aspinall, Professor of Political Science, Australian National University
8. Dr Charanpal Bal, Deputy Head (Global Class), International Relations, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta
9. Prof Gerry van Klinken, Anthropology, University of Amsterdam
10. Prof Henk Schulte Nordholt, Professor of Indonesian History, Leiden University
11. Dr Gareth Curless, Senior Lecturer in History, University of Exeter
12. Dr Desiree Lim, Postdoctoral Fellow, Stanford University
13. Prof Adriaan Bedner, Professor of Law & Society in Indonesia, Leiden University
14. Dr Tom van den Berge, Senior Researcher, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
15. Dr Nicholas Harrigan, Senior Lecturer in Sociology, Macquarie University
16. Dr John Landers. Honorary Fellow, Hertford College, Oxford
17. Prof Matthew Cohen, Professor of International Theatre, Royal Holloway, University of London
18. Dr Marc Rerceretnam
19. Lorraine Yang, PhD Candidate, University of Leeds
20. Dr Nicola Pocock, Postdoctoral Fellow in Migration, United Nations University International Institute for Global Health
21. Prof Fridus Steijlen, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
22. Dr Tiziana Nazio, Senior Lecturer, University of Turin
23. Prof Anne Booth, SOAS, University of London
24. Prof Chung Wai Keung, Associate Professor of Social Innovation, HKCT Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong
25. Dr Rui Graça Feijo, Researcher in History and Politics, CES/UCoimbra, Portugal
26. Dr Xingli Giam, Assistant Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville
27. Dr Angela Fedi, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Torino
28. Dr Alberto Fidalgo Castro, Postdoctoral Researcher, Universidade de Brasília
29. Dr Rosemary Gianno, Professor of Anthropology, Keene State College
30. Olivia Canessa Davies, University of Exeter
31. Prof Meredith Weiss, Political Science, State University of New York at Albany
32. Dr Katie Attwell, Senior Lecturer in Politics, University of Western Australia
33. Prof Prasenjit Duara, Oscar Tang Professor of East Asian Studies, Duke University
34. Dr Koh Shuwen, Director, NUHS
35. Dr David Kloos, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Leiden
36. Dr Chang Qizhong, Lecturer, National Institute of Education
37. Dr Kieran James, Senior Lecturer in Accounting, University of the West of Scotland and Adjunct Lecturer, University of Fiji
38. Dr Kevin Teo
39. Dr Ng Hoi-Yu, Post-doctoral Researcher, The Education University of Hong Kong
40. Dr Elspeth Oppermann, Charles Darwin University, Australia
41. Dr Alan Poots, Researcher
42. Lucy Davis, Professor of Practice, Visual Culture and Contemporary Art, Aalto University, Finland
43. Dr Yen-ling Tsai, Associate Professor of Anthropology, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
44. Dr Jeremy Chen
45. Dr Shzr Ee Tan, Senior Lecturer, Royal Holloway, University of London
46. Dr Mikyoung Kim, Visiting Research Professor of East Asian Studies, Emory University
47. Dr Kevin Chua, Associate Professor of Art History, Texas Tech University, USA
48. Dr Ethan Gan, University in Singapore
49. Dr Thomas Meaney, Einstein Forum, Potsdam, Germany
50. Ms Rachel Koh, Lasalle College of the Arts
51. Silvia Vignato, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
52. Judith Jacob, PhD Candidate, Department of International History, London School of Economics
53. Prof Carl A. Trocki, Professor of Asian Studies, Queensland University of Technology
54. Prof Mohan J Dutta, National University of Singapore
55. Dr Michael Barr, Associate Professor of International Relations, Flinders University, Australia
56. Dr Raihan Jamil, Assistant Professor, Zayed University
57. Dr David Sadoway, Geography and the Environment, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Canada
58. Li Yan McCurdy, PhD candidate in neuroscience, Yale University
59. Dr Adrian Heok, Executive Committee Member, FORUM-ASIA
60. Tim Briedis, PhD Candidate, University of Sydney
61. Dr Elizabeth Humphys, Scholarly Teaching Fellow, University of Technology Sydney
62. Dr Amanda Tattersall, Post-Doctoral Fellow in Geosciences, University of Sydney
63. Dr Jay Koh, Modules Supervisor, Master of Advanced Studies in Art and Society, Zurich University of the Arts
64. Dr Paul Jepson, Course Director, School of Geography and the Enviornment, University of Oxford
65. Dr Por Heong Hong, Research Fellow, University of Malaya
66. Dr Chiyo Wakabayashi, Okinawa University
67. Dr Wong Wee Nam
68. Dr Francis Loh, Emeritus Professor of Politics, Universiti Sains Malaysia
69. Dr Chen Tsung Yuan, Research Associate of Center for Southeast Asian Studies, NCCU of Taiwan
70. Dr Allan Patience, Principal Fellow, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne
71. Prof Phillip Deery, Emeritus Professor of History, Victoria University
72. Dr Claudia Astarita, Asia Institute, University of Melbourne
73. Dr Yung En Chee, Senior Research Fellow in Ecology and Conservation Science, University of Melbourne
74. Dr Julie Kimber, Senior Lecturer in History and Politics, Swinburne University
75. Dr Chen Khin Wee, Assistant Professor of Media and Communications, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait
76. Prof John Mowitt, Leadership Chair in the Critical Humanities, University of Leeds
77. Prof Ooi Can Seng, Sociology, University of Tasmania
78. Netusha Naidu, President, Imagined Malaysia
79. Lim Sok Swan, History and Heritage Programme, Penang Institute
80. Dr Su Lin Lewis, Lecturer in History, University of Bristol
81. Dr Eleftheria Pappa, Post-doctoral Researcher, University of São Paulo
82. Dr Danielle Merrett, Adjunct Lecturer, Macquarie University, Australia
83. Prof Vincent Mosco, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Queen's University
84. Dr Angela Chiu, Independent Researcher
85. Dr Chan Chee Khoon, Visiting Scholar, University of Malaya
86. Dr Iza Hussin, Lecturer in Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge
87. Mr Koh Chin Kok, Director, Voice of Hope
88. Dr Agnes Khoo, Independent Scholar
89. Dr Gerald Goh, Research Fellow, University College London
90. Pei Feng Jung, Lecturer of Foreign Languages, CCNU
91. Dr Tom Hoogervorst, Senior Researcher, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
92. Dr Céline Pierdet, Associate Professor of Geography, Université de Technologie de Compiegne, France
93. Miss Margaret Nicholson, retired Southeast Asia Librarian, University of Hull
94. Dr Jack Jin Gary Lee, Visiting Assistant Professor of Sociology, Oberlin College
95. Dr Dan Widjaya, Assistant Professor, University of Jogjakarta
96. Prof Kevin Hewison, Weldon E Thornton Distinguished Emeritus Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
97. Prof Cherian George, Professor of Media Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University
98. Dr Chee Heng Leng, People's History Centre, Malaysia
99. Dr Alexander Morrison, Fellow and Tutor in History, New College, University of Oxford
100. Dr Tanya Serisier, Lecturer in Criminology, Birkbeck College, University of London
101. Jacqueline Chia, PhD Candidate, York University
102. Dr Megha Kumar, Historian, Author of Communalism and Sexual Violence: The Politics of Gender, Ethnicity and Conflict
103. Dr Paul Joseph Lim, retired Professor of European-Asian Studies and International Relations
104. Shelley Wright, Instructor, Langara College, Vancouver, Canada
105. Dr Antonia Soriente, Associate Professor of Indonesian language and literature, University of Naples 'L'Orientale'
106. Dr Catherine Allerton, Associate Professor, London School of Economics
107. Prof Linda Lim, Professor Emerita of Corporate Strategy and International Business, University of Michigan
108. Prof Zaharom Nain, Director, Centre for the Study of Communications and Cultures, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
109. Dr Patricia Lin, Professor Emeritus, Gender, Ethnicity and Multicultural Studies, California State Polytechnic
110. Dr Stevphen Shukaitis, Senior Lecturer in Culture and Organization, University of Essex
111. Dr Lily Zubaidah Rahim, Associate Professor of Government and International Relations, University of Sydney
112. Dr Naser Ghobadzadeh, Senior Research Fellow, Australian Catholic University
113. Winnifred Wong, Principal Librarian, NUS
114. Dr Alicia Izharuddin, Senior Lecturer, University of Malaya
115. Dr Gaik Cheng Khoo, Associate Professor of Film and Television, University of Nottingham Malaysia
116. Dr Sikko Visscher, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
117. Dr Hew Wai Weng, Research Fellow, National University of Malaysia
118. Dr Laurens Bakker, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of Amsterdam
119. Dr Gaynor Macdonald, Senior Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney
120. Dr Rachel Leow, University Lecturer, Faculty of History, Cambridge University
121. Christina Muehlberger, Canadian Association of University Teachers
122. Prof Terence Gomez, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya
123. Dr Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Professor Emeritus, University of California at Santa Barbara
124. Dr Adam Sabra, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
125. Dr Lisa Jacobson, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
126. Dr Paul Spickard, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
127. Prof Jane De Hart, Professor Emerita of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
128. Dr Ben Silverstein, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Australian National University
129. Prof Giuseppe Labianca, Gatton Chaired Professor of Management, University of Kentucky
130. Dr Leticia Anderson, Lecturer, Southern Cross University
131. Dr Harold Marcuse, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
132. Dr Damian Spruce, UTS
133. Dr Ngoi Guat Peng, Independent Scholar, Malaysia
134. Dr Shumei Huang, Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University
135. Richard Pannell Senior Lecturer, Monash University (retired); Sujatha Pannell, public servant, Education (retired)
136. Dr Simon Soon, Senior Lecturer in Art History, Cultural Centre, University of Malaya
137. Dr Chong Wu Ling, Senior Lecturer, University of Malaya
138. Dr Lau Blaxekjaer, Researcher, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, University of Copenhagen
139. Chien-Wen Kung, Ph.D. candidate, Department of History, Columbia University
140. Dr Stephanie Chok
141. A/Prof CY Hoon, Director, Centre for Advanced Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam
142. Dr John Lowe, Senior Researcher, City University of Hong Kong
143. Dr Dominik Mueller, ILSP: LSC Fellow, Harvard Law School, Harvard University
144. Dr Jason Chaw, Computer Scientist
145. Dr Kristina Göransson, Associate Professor of Social Work and Anthropology, Lund University
146. Michael Thomson, NSW State Secretary National Tertiary Education Union, Australia
147. Dr Nick Riemer, Senior Lecturer in English and Linguistics, University of Sydney
148. Dr Sumita Mukherjee, Senior Lecturer in History, University of Bristol
149. Mr Ponsah Saleh, PhD Candidate, University of Exeter, UK
150. Professor Heather Worth, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney
151. Dr Show Ying Xin, Independent Scholar
152. Dr Shaun Wilson, Assoc Prof in the Department of Sociology, Macquarie University
153. Dr Th'ng Bee Fu, Assistant Professor, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
154. Wildan Sena Utama, Lecturer, Universitas Gadjah Mada
155. Prof Jeffery Burley, Director Emeritus, Oxford Forestry Institute, Oxford University
156. Dr Harry Wu, Assistant Professor in Medical Humanities, Hong Kong University
157. Dr Tommy Wong
158. Dr Leon Rocha, Lecturer in History, University of Liverpool
159. Dr Wong Soak Koon, Retired Academic, Malaysia
160. Dr David Brophy, Senior Lecturer in Modern Chinese History, University of Sydney
161. Prof Richard Doner, Department of Political Science, Emory University
162. Prof Rachel Harrison, SOAS
163. Dr Rian Thum, Associate Professor of History, Loyola University New Orleans
164. Dr Faizah Zakaria, Postdoctoral Fellow, Cornell University
165. Dr Thanavi Chotpradit, Lecturer of Art History, Silpakorn University
166. Dr Stephen Dobbs, Associate Professor in Asian Studies, The University of Western Australia
167. Dr Vincent Wijeysingha, Kaiwhakahaere Ako, Te Wananga o Aotearoa
168. Dr Terence Lee, Associate Professor of Communication, Murdoch University
169. Iqra Anugrah, PhD Candidate in Political Science, Northern Illinois University
170. Dr Matthew Powell, Teaching Fellow in Strategic and Air Power Studies, Portsmouth Business School at the Royal Air Force Cranwell
171. Dr Ruben Gonzalez-Vicente, Leiden University
172. Dr Jason Luger, Lecturer in City and Regional Planning, UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design
173. Dr Le Thanh Hai, London, UK
174. Dr Emma Mawdsley, University of Cambridge
175. Jessie Speer, PhD Candidate in Geography, Syracuse University
176. Anustup Basu, Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
177. Dr Shaunak Sastry, Assistant Professor of Communication, University of Cincinnati
178. Dr Jennifer Monahan, Professor and Associate Chair of Communication Studies, University of Georgia
179. Srivi Ramasubramanian, Associate Prof of Communication, Texas A&M
180. Howard Sypher, Professor, Lamb School, Purdue U
181. Dr Angsumala Tamang, Adjunct Faculty, Honors College, University of South Florida
182. Dr Marc Opper, Lecturer, Department of Politics, University of Virginia
183. Li Sian Goh, PhD student, University of Pennsylvania
184. Ted Striphas, Associate Professor, University of Colorado Boulder USA
185. Ryan D'Souza, PhD Candidate, University of South Florida
186. Dr Barbara F. Sharf, independent scholar and Professor Emerita of Communication, Texas A & M University
187. Dr Dana Cloud, Professor of Communication and Rhetorical Studies, Syracuse University
188. Reshmi Dutt-Ballerstadt, Professor, Linfield College
189. Ms Le Na Dinh, Researcher in Social Life, Ho Chi Minh city University of Social Science and Humanity
190. Kuan Chee Wah, PhD Student, Hong Kong Baptist University
191. Dr Denisa Kera, Senior Lecturer, Prague College
192. Shampa Biswas, Paul Garrett Professor of Political Science, Whitman College
193. Dr Raja Swamy, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of Tennessee
194. Dr Dyah Pitaloka, Lecturer, University of Sydney
195. Dr. Shakuntala Banaji, Associate Professor, Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science
196. Simon Rousset, doctoral candidate, University of South Florida
197. Professor Chaim Noy, associate professor, Ashkelon Akademic College, Israel
198. Dr Lai Ah Eng, Adjunct Senior Fellow, National University of Singapore
199. Dr Britta Ohm, Associate Researcher, Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern, Switzerland
200. Christopher L. Miller, Professor of African American Studies and French, Yale University
201. Dr Gary L. Kreps, University Distinguished Professor and Director of the Center for Health and Risk Communication, George Mason University
202. Dr Vicky Ortiz, Assistant Professor of Communications Media, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
203. Dr Phaedra C. Pezzullo, Associate Professor of Communication, University of Colorado Boulder
204. Dr Kristine Clancy, Instructor of Communication Studies, Golden West College
205. Paula Chakravartty, Associate Professor, NYU University
206. Dr Mahuya Pal, Associate Professor, University of South Florida
207. Dr Thomas S. Jakobsen, Researcher, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
208. Dr Joel Ong, Assistant Professor in Computational Arts, York University
209. Dr Rizal G. Buendia, Independent Consultant/Researcher in Southeast Asian Studies, Wales, UK
210. Dr Choy Fah Kong, Independent Academic, Singapore
211. Max Plumpton, PhD Candidate in Communication, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
212. Dr Paul R. Dekar, Professor Emeritus, Memphis Theological Seminary
213. Dr Alicja Kujawska
214. Dr Raven Pfister, Lecturer in Communication Studies, Cal State University Long Beach
215. Dr Kearrin Sims, Lecturer Development Studies, James Cook University
216. Dr Greg Acciaioli, Assistant Professor in Anthropology and Sociology, The University of Western Australia
217. Dr Natalie L. Sydorenko, School of Communication, University of Akron
218. Dr David Hitchcock, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
219. Dr James McDougall, Associate Professor of history, University of Oxford
220. Dr Tauel Harper, Media and Communication, University of Western Australia
221. Dr Jill Campbell, Professor of English, Yale University
222. Emeritus Professor James Francis Warren, Murdoch University
223. Howard Lee, PhD Candidate, School of Arts and Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University
224. Dr Nai Rui Chng, Research Associate, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow
225. Allen Hicken, Professor of Political Science, University of Michigan
226. Dr Patrick Meirick, Associate Professor of Communication, University of Oklahoma
227. Dr Sze Wei Ang, Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature, University of Hong Kong
228. Dr Christopher Chong UTAR
229. Prof Kanishka Jayasuriya, Head of Department of Politics and International Studies, Murdoch University
230. Gerry Groot, senior Lecturer, Department of Asian Studies, University of Adelaide
231. Dr Yueming Zhang, Lecturer in Human Geography, University of Birmingham
232. Professor Peter Carey, Visiting Professor Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, and Fellow Emeritus Trinity College, Oxford
233. Ooi Kok Hin, Research Affilate, Penang Institute
234. Teoh Jou Yin, Chevening Scholar, Cardiff University
235. Dr Mari Mulyani, Trustee, Oxford Project Southeast Asia
236. Dr Philip Kreager, Chair Oxford Project Southeast Asia, Senior Research Fellow in Human Sciences, Somerville College, Oxford University
237. Dr Kaysara Khatun, Researcher, Oxford University
238. Mr Sam Levy, Phd Candidate, Earth & Environment, Boston University
239. Dr Robert Yates, Teaching Fellow in Politics, University of Bristol
240. Dr Gillian Petrokofsky, Researcher, University of Oxford
241. Dr Roger Montgomery fellow LSE Asia Research Centre (retired)
242. Dr Elisabeth Kramer, Deputy Director Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, University of Sydney
243. Chatubhoom Bhoomiboonchoo, Lecturer in Law, Naresuan University, PhD candidate Western Sydney University
244. Professor Gerry Bodeker, Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology, Columbia University New York; & Member, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford.
245. Dr Maszenan Abdul Majid
246. Dr Steffen Dalsgaard, Associate Professor, IT University of Copenhagen
247. Dr Constance McDermott, Senior Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford
248. Dr Maya Pasgaard, External Lecturer in Human Geography, University of Copenhagen
249. Dr Jane Messina, Associate Professor, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford
250. Dr David Bourchier, Asian Studies, The University of Western Australia
251. Ryan Pesigan Reyes, PhD Candiate, Southeast Asian Studies, Centro Escolar University
252. Dr Kaysara Khatun, Research Fellow, University of Oxford
253. Dr Rahul Krishna Gairola, The Krishna Somers Lecturer in English and Postcolonial Literature and Fellow of the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University
254. Dr Lydia Cole, Research Assistant in Conservation Biology, University of Liverpool
255. Dr Christopher Brickhill, Author
256. Simon Szreter, Professor of History and Public Policy, Cambridge University
257. Natalia Nowakowska, Associate Professor of History, University of Oxford
258. Lucio Sousa , Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Universidade Aberta-Portugal
259. J. Sears McGee, Professor of History, UC-Santa Barbara
260. Dr Javier Solana, Lecturer in Commercial Law, University of Glasgow
261. Dr Elisabeth Schroeder-Butterfill, Lecturer in Gerontology, University of Southampton, UK
262. Hannah Knight, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
263. Dr Marcus Bajema
264. Dr Angelia Poon, National Institute of Education, NTU
265. Ang Chin Siew, PhD candidate, History, Nanyang Technological University
267. Dr Ted McCormick, Associate Professor of History, Concordia University
268. Dr Sarena Abdullah, USM, Penang, Malaysia
269. Dr Wee Yeow Chin, Associate Professor (retired), National University of Singapore
270. Dr Susan Leong, Research Fellow, Curtin University
271. Dr Simon Stevens, Lecturer in History, University of Sheffield
272. Dr Juanita Elias, Reader, Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick
273. Dr Vanessa Harding, Professor of London History, Birkbeck, University of London
274. Dr Abby Loebenberg, Honors Faculty Fellow and Lecturer, Arizona State University
275. Dr Joseph Foy, Honors Fellow, Barrett, the Honors College at Arizona State University
276. Dr Paul R Preston, Director, Lithoscapes Archaeological Research Foundation, UK
277. Dr Mark Keevers, Senior Research Fellow, University of New South Wales
278. Dr Jean Sharp, Lecturer in History, University of Bristol
279. Dr Jiaying Sim, Instructor, National University of Singapore
280. Dr Alok Gupta, Director of Data Science, Lyft
281. Dr Ma Khin Mar Mar , University of Oxford
282. Prof Harold Cook, Brown University
283. Prof Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Asia Pacific Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infection
284. Prof Kyu Ho Youm, Jonathan Marshall First Amendment Chair, University of Oregon
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